Through Twitter, I came across this article “How to File Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Without a Lawyer.” Since I wrote a book about chapter 13 – where I emphasize the need for competent representation – and, since I am also a lawyer, the title alone intrigued me. So I clicked and read the article. Then, I got steamed because not only was the article excruciatingly inaccurate, in some instances it was flat out wrong. So, I’ve copied and pasted each of the “9 Steps,” and offered my response and I grade each answer.
Posts Tagged ‘Exemptions’
Cheap Becomes Expensive
Tuesday, May 18th, 2010
Like many attorneys, I get calls from prospective clients asking me what my fee is for a bankruptcy filing. It’s not a particularly difficult question to answer – in theory. But at the same time, it is. Generally, I know that if their concern is price, then who they retain as their attorney is not all that important to them. But I also get calls from prospective clients who have or had another (and less expensive) attorney who now is not performing at what they believe is an acceptable level. Perhaps they aren’t returning calls. Perhaps they are not giving straight answers to honest questions. Or perhaps better said, the cheap attorney doesn’t know what the hell they are doing. The desire to go cheap has now turned into something expensive. (more…)
The Peculiar Parallel of Debt Relief Agencies and Madonna
Thursday, March 11th, 2010
In yesterday’s blog, I suggested that some attorneys – namely on Craigslist – were not complying with the BAPCPA imposed requirement that they disclose that they are a “debt relief agency.” That might not have been completely fair.
Certainly, when an attorney fits into the definition of a “debt relief agency”, they must disclose that fact and are obligated to comply with additional disclosure requirements. But, if an attorney does not fit into the definition of a “debt relief agency”, may they still represent individuals in consumer bankruptcy matters? The answer is yes… and that raises some interesting questions.
Debt Relief Agencies… Part II
Wednesday, March 10th, 2010
As I mentioned earlier this week, the US Supreme Court issued a ruling upholding the BAPCPA requirement that attorneys be considered “debt relief agencies.”
So we’re clear: I did not go to debt relief agency school. I went to law school. I’m not a member of the Boston Bar Association Debt Relief Agency Steering Committee; it’s the Bankruptcy Steering Committee. I’m not a member and author for the American Debt Relief Institute; it’s the American Bankruptcy Institute. I’m not a debt relief agent. I’m an attorney.
Now that I’ve cleared the air on that, let me share with you some of my concerns with this decision and its implications.
Unintended Consequences in Estate Planning
Wednesday, July 29th, 2009
Remember yesterday when I discussed talking to your parents about their debt? I think it’s important for families to start talking. I also think it may be important for parents to speak to their adult children about debt, especially when you hear what happened to a client of mine.
My client did not know that his parents had gone to an estate planning attorney. The parents created a life estate in their home, leaving a remainder interest to their adult children. The life estate gives the parents the right to live in their home until they die, and then upon their death, the home will pass to the children without having to go through probate. The children have what is called a remainder interest. They do not have the home, but they have a future interest in the home.
This nifty estate planning tool created havoc when one of the parents’ children (my client) filed for chapter 7 bankruptcy protection. In chapter 7, the unexempt assets of the debtor are sold to pay creditors. The debtor did not list the asset because he did not know he had an interest in his parent’s home (neither he nor his then attorney asked). Since it was not known, it was not listed, and since it was not listed, the debtor did not claim it as exempt from liquidation.
The chapter 7 trustee learned about the interest presumably by scouring public records. When the trustee got wind of the future interest, he asked the court for permission to sell the interest to the highest bidder. The Bankruptcy Code allows the trustee too sell the debtor’s interest in the property: something the parents did not plan for when they were putting together their estate plan and trying to preserve their home for all of their children.
I will relay how this saga ended another time. For now, I will say that it ended up costing the debtor a lot of money, and causing the entire family anxiety that they did not need. If the debtor had told his parents that he was in debt and needed to file bankruptcy, there still would have been issues to resolve. However, both the debtor and his parents could have been proactive instead of being reactive. Rather than reacting to the trustee’s attempts to seek an order of sale, they could have taken some time to think through other options before starting the bankruptcy process. These folks never got to that point because no one in the family really talked to each other about what was going on. The parents did not mention the estate plan, and the debtor did not mention the bankruptcy, or the reasons why bankruptcy protection was needed.
It’s hard for adult parents to admit to their kids that they have financial problems, and for very different reasons, it’s hard for adult kids to have to admit it to their parents. But actions have consequences. And as this debtor, his siblings and his elderly parents learned, not talking about it can also have unintended consequences. Be proactive, and don’t let this happen to you, your kids, or your parents. Start talking.
The Importance of an Informed Decision
Tuesday, June 16th, 2009
I recently met with clients who got some very bad advice from probably well-meaning but – to be perfectly blunt – clueless friends and family who thought they knew what was best. What happened to them is undoubtedly a lesson for others.
The married debtors have a large and unmanageable amount of credit card debt. A few years ago, one of the debtors was actively employed and making a good living until a work injury changed all that. Now, one of them is in chronic pain, has no income and is currently seeking disability benefits from the Social Security. The injured debtor had a workers compensation claim which was resolved through a $30,000 settlement about 9 months ago. There are children, and there are domestic support obligations.
Because this two-income family had been struggling as a one-income family for a few years, the debtors have been “robbing Peter to pay Paul.” Retirement accounts had been depleted or had loans against them. Credit cards were maxed out. Collectors are calling, and lawsuits have been filed. Before the settlement even arrived, they were thinking about the possibility of having to file bankruptcy.
The Decision-Making
Family and friends urged them not to file bankruptcy. Having not met the family and friends, I assume that they had good intentions and were ultimately well-meaning. None of the family and friends were bankruptcy attorneys. I didn’t ask if the friends and family were aware of this blog.
The debtors have vehicles and only own personal property. The current sole bread winner makes a respectable, but nevertheless modest income in light of their expenses. None of their expenses are extraordinary or raise a specter of bad faith. They seemingly qualify for chapter 7, and since they have no real estate, they could consider electing the federal exemption schemes. Had the debtors elected to file bankruptcy when they received the settlement, the federal exemption scheme would enable them to keep most if not all of the proceeds of the settlement and discharge their remaining credit card obligations. That’s not what happened.
Instead, they took the $30,000 and paid down the credit card debt. It did not get paid off. The credit cards and credit lines did not get closed. The debt was merely lowered. The credit card companies got some of that money. However, had they filed bankruptcy before opting to pay them, the credit card companies would have received nothing – or close to nothing.
I asked them “why didn’t you file bankruptcy back then when you were thinking about it?”
They told me that their friends and family were telling them that they should not file bankruptcy and that they emphasized it: “oh, you don’t want to file bankruptcy!” Apparently they were concerned about stigma and were concerned about being “one of those bankruptcy debtors that doesn’t pay their bills.”
Yet here they were. In my office. Not happy being there. And I’m willing to bet, sick to their stomach because of it (actually, one of them expressed that sentiment). Why? The simple answer is that they now thought of themselves as “one of those bankruptcy debtors who doesn’t pay their bills.” But I do think there maybe another reason.
After the cash was done, many of the credit lines were still open. So if they looked ahead to through the end of the month and saw that they were a few hundred dollars short, they knew where to get it.
And with the settlement, they were able to pay their debts and feel good about paying their debts – which is presumably what their friends and family had in mind when they conveyed their likely less-than-helpful advice. It’s good to pay debts. After all, no one wants to file bankruptcy. No one wakes up one morning thinking “hey…here’s something I haven’t done yet.” But life does not always work out the way we want, hope, expect, and in some cases need it to.
In their case, the credit has run dry. The retirement accounts are empty. And now the settlement is gone. And before me were two people who – like many others – had to struggle with an unexpected change in income, and who tried to do what they thought, and what their friends and family thought, was the right thing to do. But they should have elected to get bankruptcy advice from a bankruptcy attorney rather than bankruptcy advice from well-meaning friends and family more than 9 months ago.
What advice would I have given to them if they saw me 9 months ago? I would have advised them to take the time to explore their personal spending. I would have advised them that with one income earner disabled, they had to adjust their budget…or adjust their income. I would have determined that their credit card debt could be discharged in a 7, and depending on the amount of the settlement, and the value of their other personal property, the settlement proceeds would likely be exempt. I would have told them to stop using credit, to start using cash, and to view the cash as what it was: finite.
Instead, they now know that their personal spending must be adjusted, that very tough decisions need to be made, and some very difficult discussions with friends and family members might be in the foreseeable future. And the most important thing that has changed since they listened to their friends and family: there is no more cash they can tap into when they need that extra few hundred bucks to get them through the month.
For these good people, I think it could played out differently. And I am willing to bet that this realization is what is contributing to that awful feeling in their stomach.
