Posts Tagged ‘attorneys’

A Discussion About “Professional Courtesy”

A few months ago, I terminated representation of a particular client.  There are many reasons representation ends – and from a factual standpoint, they are no one’s business except me and the client.  The reasons for that are quite simple: I am duty bound to keep the confidences of my client.  My fired client then went to another attorney who, after meeting with him, decided to call me.

“Why did you fire the client?” I was asked.

“You know that I cannot disclose the reasons why.” I replied.

“Oh, is that how you want to play?!” was the intemperate response.  The conversation then got a tad ugly, and the new attorney insinuating all sorts of nice things.  None of which were true – and none of which I could discuss.

And all I could do was sit there in silence. (more…)

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Reactive vs. Proactive

I’ve mentioned that sometimes it’s better to proactive than reactive.  Being proactive is calling a bankruptcy attorney when you sense that the barn out back may be a fire hazard.  Being reactive is calling a bankruptcy attorney when the barn is burning, you can’t remember where you put the garden hose while you wonder if water bill has been paid.

When clients do nothing until faced with a foreclosure notice, they are being reactive… which unfortunately places me in a reactive posture.  After years of doing both, I’m certain that being reactive makes an otherwise average case more difficult and more expensive, because but for a scheduled auction some people would just hope that the finances will get better.  But it’s that auction that pushes some people into finally getting their ‘house in order’, albeit quickly… and hopefully not too late.  And for one of my clients, getting his house in order was what he wanted me to help them with.

After being retained by a reactive client, one of the first things I did was send a letter off to an attorney representing a lender.  I let them know that I was representing the client for a bankruptcy case, and I asked that he please send copies of notices to me so that I may ensure everyone is properly listed on the petition and creditor matrix.  A few weeks later, I received a copy of a notice of scheduled auction which I sent off to my client with note reminding him that his petition needed to be filed before the scheduled auction.  The letter also reminded my client of the documents and information I needed to ensure that the paperwork was properly completed when filed.

About 10 days later, and about 2 weeks before the auction, the lender’s attorney calls me and leaves me a message.  He wants to know if I still plan on filing a petition, since he has to hire an auctioneer, and go through the costs of publishing.  He tells me he wants to avoid all of those costs if my client is going to file bankruptcy. 

That put me into a bit of a predicament. (more…)

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Wondering What a Bankruptcy Attorney Really Does?

Thursday I was in Bankruptcy Court waiting for my client’s case to be called.  Before the judge took the bench, a gentleman sat behind me and tapped me on the shoulder.

“You a bankruptcy lawyer?” he asked.

“I am.”

“How easy is it for me to convert my case from Chapter 13 to Chapter 7?”

I asked if he had an attorney, and he replied that he did not.  He was representing himself (which is not a good idea in Chapter 13, by the way… I’ll talk about that another day).

I told him that the Bankruptcy Court had a Pro Se Law Clerk and that he should direct his questions to the law clerk, who can then either answer the question or direct him to a resource that can.

“Oh, I see,” he replied.  “You want to get paid, huh?.”

Imagine if you were walking down the street and you saw a person who you knew to be a dentist.  Would you go up to him or her, peel back your lips to show a molar and ask “excuse me, but do know how easy it would be to but a cap on this?  Or a porcelain veneer?”  No respectable dentist would give you an answer.  In fact, some might flee.  A disreputable dentist might say “it will be very easy, here’s my card, let’s make an appointment, and be sure to bring your insurance card or check book.”

As I said, while I sort of felt a bit insulted, that feeling was quickly quelled with the realization that this pro se debtor had no clue what it was I did, and why I could not answer his question.  So I told him:

“Actually, the reason why I cannot answer your question is because I do not know anything about your case, or about your circumstances.  I cannot begin to think about the your question and give you any answer you can rely on unless I do that.  Right now, I cannot.  The Pro Se Law Clerk however, can.”

The debtor thanked me, and left the courtroom. I do hope that he paid a visit to the Pro Se Law Clerk, and I do hope he got some better direction than I could have given him.

This all got me thinking: there are some people who believe that you don’t need a bankruptcy lawyer to get through the process.  There are also some people who believe that lawyers are only out to get paid, and don’t do anything but fill out forms and, on occasion, dress nicely.  There’s an assumption that I am a walking fount of information, and the only thing preventing me from sharing it is getting paid.

All of those assumptions make me feel dirty.

All of those assumptions are also completely unfounded.

There’s no way I could have answered this debtor’s question accurately.  I could have said “when the judge takes the bench, ask her to convert your case.”  That answer would have been the equivalent of the dentist saying “sure, make sure you use good glue and don’t drink hot liquids for 24 hours.”

But I had not reviewed the petition and schedules.  I don’t know what the exemptions are, and what issues might arise in a 7 that might not otherwise arise in 13.  I don’t know why the debtor is changing course and whether that might open up a whole host of issues.  I also don’t know whether the judge – who I bet knows the history of the case and why it’s on the docket that day – doesn’t have some assumptions or questions about the case.  In other words, I don’t know a lot.  I do know the law.

Yet merely knowing the law is not enough for me to do my job.  A good lawyer takes the facts of the client’s case, applies it to the law, and then proceeds while mindful of the client’s goals.  A good lawyer is not merely a resource of legal information available to answer questions at the drop of a hat knowing that people will rely on those answer and  make important decisions with significant legal consequences.  My job requires thought and analysis.

And on a good day, that actually is what I get paid for.  Keep this in mind if you’re thinking about filing bankruptcy with or without a bankruptcy attorney.

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The Importance of an Informed Decision

I recently met with clients who got some very bad advice from probably well-meaning but – to be perfectly blunt – clueless friends and family who thought they knew what was best.  What happened to them is undoubtedly a lesson for others.

The married debtors have a large and unmanageable amount of credit card debt.  A few years ago, one of the debtors was actively employed and making a good living until a work injury changed all that.  Now, one of them is in chronic pain, has no income and is currently seeking disability benefits from the Social Security.  The injured debtor had a workers compensation claim which was resolved through a $30,000 settlement about 9 months ago.  There are children, and there are domestic support obligations.

Because this two-income family had been struggling as a one-income family for a few years, the debtors have been “robbing Peter to pay Paul.”  Retirement accounts had been depleted or had loans against them.  Credit cards were maxed out.  Collectors are calling, and lawsuits have been filed. Before the settlement even arrived, they were thinking about the possibility of having to file bankruptcy.

The Decision-Making

Family and friends urged them not to file bankruptcy.  Having not met the family and friends, I assume that they had good intentions and were ultimately well-meaning.  None of the family and friends were bankruptcy attorneys.  I didn’t ask if the friends and family were aware of this blog.

The debtors have vehicles and only own personal property.  The current sole bread winner makes a respectable, but nevertheless modest income in light of their expenses.  None of their expenses are extraordinary or raise a specter of bad faith.  They seemingly qualify for chapter 7, and since they have no real estate, they could  consider electing the federal exemption schemes.  Had the debtors elected to file bankruptcy when they received the settlement, the federal exemption scheme would enable them to keep most if not all of the proceeds of the settlement and discharge their remaining credit card obligations.  That’s not what happened.

Instead, they took the $30,000 and paid down the credit card debt.  It did not get paid off.  The credit cards and credit lines did not get closed.  The debt was merely lowered.  The credit card companies got some of that money.  However, had they filed bankruptcy before opting to pay them, the credit card companies would have received nothing – or close to nothing.

I asked them “why didn’t you file bankruptcy back then when you were thinking about it?”

They told me that their friends and family were telling them that they should not file bankruptcy and that they emphasized it: “oh, you don’t want to file bankruptcy!”  Apparently they were concerned about stigma and were concerned about being “one of those bankruptcy debtors that doesn’t pay their bills.”

Yet here they were.  In my office.  Not happy being there.  And I’m willing to bet, sick to their stomach because of it (actually, one of them expressed that sentiment).  Why?  The simple answer is that they now thought of themselves as “one of those bankruptcy debtors who doesn’t pay their bills.”  But I do think there maybe another reason.

After the cash was done, many of the credit lines were still open.  So if they looked ahead to through the end of the month and saw that they were a few hundred dollars short, they knew where to get it.

And with the settlement, they were able to pay their debts and feel good about paying their debts – which is presumably what their friends and family had in mind when they conveyed their likely less-than-helpful advice.  It’s good to pay debts.   After all, no one wants to file bankruptcy.  No one wakes up one morning thinking “hey…here’s something I haven’t done yet.”  But life does not always work out the way we want, hope, expect, and in some cases need it to.

In their case, the credit has run dry.  The retirement accounts are empty.  And now the settlement is gone.  And before me were two people who – like many others – had to struggle with an unexpected change in income, and who tried to do what they thought, and what their friends and family thought, was the right thing to do.  But they should have elected to get bankruptcy advice from a bankruptcy attorney rather than bankruptcy advice from well-meaning friends and family more than 9 months ago.

What advice would I have given to them if they saw me 9 months ago?  I would have advised them to take the time to explore their personal spending.  I would have advised them that with one income earner disabled, they had to adjust their budget…or adjust their income.  I would have determined that their credit card debt could be discharged in a 7, and depending on the amount of the settlement, and the value of their other personal property, the settlement proceeds would likely be exempt.  I would have told them to stop using credit, to start using cash, and to view the cash as what it was: finite.

Instead, they now know that their personal spending must be adjusted, that very tough decisions need to be made, and some very difficult discussions with friends and family members might be in the foreseeable future.  And the most important thing that has changed since they listened to their friends and family: there is no more cash they can tap into when they need that extra few hundred bucks to get them through the month.

For these good people, I think it could played out differently.  And I am willing to bet that this realization is what is contributing to that awful feeling in their stomach.

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Another Good Reason to Stay Close to Home

One of the best things about summer is the local produce you’re likely to find not just in the supermarket, but on road side stands.  While I admit I’m a bit biased, when I was a kid, there was no better place to get tomatoes and sweet corn than the small farms on Aquidneck Island.  That’s probably going to tick-off the good folks in Little Compton, but hey, I know what I know.  I am sure that I can find a place online that would ship them to me, but it’s not the same as pulling over to the side of the road, smelling the air, and reaching into your pocket for a few bills to get some good stuff.   Law firms advertise online, as do credit counselors and so-called debt settlement and consolidation firms…and there are hundreds if not thousands of companies and firms offering assistance to people struggling with debt.   Is it a good idea for Massachusetts consumers stay “local” when they are looking for resources to help them deal with their debt?  This very question came up today when I was talking with a prospective client.

For a variety of reasons, the family is in a lot of debt and exploring options.  There’s bankruptcy (and I can help them with that), and there’s credit counseling (which I can offer a recommendation).  There’s also debt consolidation and debt settlement, but ironically, there do not seem to be too many local companies that offer such services.  Perhaps it is because those services are usually little more than a scam.  Perhaps it’ because it’s been tried

The clients were considering the “Consumer Law Group, PA” located in Florida.  I like Florida – I have not been there in years – but it’s a pleasant place to be.  And while I like oranges, I don’t feel the need to go to Florida to get them.

Fortunately, the client did some research on this outfit on their own.  They learned that the “Consumer Law Group, PA” had only been around since November 2007.  They found websites where people had some very unfavorable things to say.   More than one person, actually.   They also learned that in less than two years period, they earned an exceptionally low BBB rating.  That was their wake up call.  It dawned on them: “why are we not dealing with a local business who can help us?”

While this is arguably yet another reason to stay clear from any outfit claiming to offer debt consolidation or debt settlement services (which again, are a scam), I think it is also important to consider going with someone local.  It doesn’t matter if it is an attorney, a credit counselor or a lender who may be trying to help you refinance…. why go with an out of state outfit state?  After all, we are talking about your money, your life, your family and your future.

For those reasons, it’s important to get good help from someone who knows what they are doing.  And frankly, if these issues are important enough for you and your family, then you should be able to look that professional square in the eye.  That’s hard to do when they are a few states away.

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Clean Up

No one likes cleaning up a mess that someone else made, especially lawyers.  I’ve coined the term “clean up” to describe a particular type of case – whether it be debtor or creditor.  In most cases however, it’s a debtor’s case that was handled by an attorney who is no longer returning phone calls, or has informed the debtor that they can no longer handle the case.  The debtor is extremely concerned, and is usually in a very difficult position.  And unfortunately, I’m seeing these types of cases with greater frequency.  

There are many reasons why a debtor’s case may not be progressing the way they expected.  But in many cases I am seeing, when a debtor is contacting me to either get a second opinion, or to get a new attorney it’s because something in the case is going dreadfully wrong.  It could be an improperly completed form, or a complete lack of understanding of how bankruptcy works.  It could also be a little of both.

 The economy is drying up legal work in other areas and this may be pushing attorneys who do not know bankruptcy law into the practice in an effort to their own ends meet.  However, attorneys who do this with an assumption that bankruptcy is “easy” or is just about filling forms will soon realize that this is not the case. 

(more…)

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Filing Bankruptcy Without an Attorney

According to a New York Times article, more and more people are representing themselves in court.  I have had much experience counseling debtors who have initially elected to seek bankruptcy protection without the benefit of counsel.  There are many reasons for this: the lack of money to hire an attorney being one of them, if not the biggest.  Another, and perhaps more troubling reason is that pro see filers have a belief that a judge will help them through the process.

From the article:

Judges complain that people miss deadlines, fail to bring the right documents or evidence and are simply unprepared for legal proceedings. Such mistakes make it more likely they will fare poorly – no matter the merit of their cases.

This applies in any courtroom, and in any legal proceeding.  If you want to represent yourself, you have to be prepared.  That means, you have to know what the legal issues are (not what you think the legal issues are or should be) and have your ducks and documents all lined up.  It also helps if you know the law.

But relying on the judge to help your is tantamount to ignoring that the role of the judge actually is.  As the Times discusses:

Overseeing a proceeding where one or both sides lack lawyers puts a judge in a difficult position: The judge is supposed to be neutral but also has an interest in moving things along.

“If you see a person making a terrible mistake, you can’t always jump in and save them,” said Judge Borbely, the circuit court judge in Vermilion County, Ill. “You cannot take the role of an advocate.”

To ensure fair outcomes, courts must do more to help people navigate the courts, said John T. Broderick, the chief justice of New Hampshire. “If you and I went to the hospital and they said, ‘Do you have insurance?’ and we don’t, and they said, ‘There are some textbooks over there with some really good illustrations,’ ” Judge Broderick said, “we would think that was immoral.”

At the same time however, while courts can and do offer navigation assistance (such as the Pro Se Clerk at the US Bankruptcy Court), they cannot offer legal advice and the judges cannot be your advocate.

(more…)

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Bankruptcy Court Shuts Down Predator

When people are in foreclosure, they can fall victim to a host of scammers and scams.  Unfortunately, by the time many of these folks are scammed, they are worse-off than they were before they stumbled into foreclosure.  So when I come across a scammer who preys on people who need real help, you’ll read about here.  Here’s the story behind David Coleman and his bogus outfit: Mortgage Finders of New England.

In April 2008, a Virginia couple contacted Coleman’s firm about an upcoming foreclosure on investment property in Newbury, MA.  Coleman told the couple he could help them by filing a bankruptcy petition on their behalf.  He also told the couple that he was experienced in filing bankruptcy cases, although at no time did he mention that he wasn’t a lawyer and that by law, he could not give legal advice.  Only after the case was filed did the couple learn for the first time that Coleman wasn’t a lawyer at all.

Coleman waited for the debtor (the wife only) in the lobby of the Tip O’Neill building where he collected a $1,000 cash “fee” and had her sign a skeletal bankruptcy petition he prepared.  But he did not properly complete the portion of the petition acknowledging that he was a petition preparer.  In fact, in an effort to presumably fly below the radar and to keep his scam going, he left it blank.  The case was dismissed on May 5, 2008 because no other documents were filed.

On May 21, 2008, a New Bedford woman was contacted by Coleman after he obtained information about a looming foreclosure from a local paper.  Coleman told the woman that he could stop the foreclosure and it would cost $1,000 cash to retain his services.  The next day, he met the woman in the lobby of the Tip O’Neill building where he collected his $1,000 cash fee, filed a chapter 13 petition, but did nothing more.  When the clerk asked Coleman if he was representing the woman, he said he was only assisting her.  It was at that time that the woman learned that Coleman wasn’t a lawyer.  The woman’s friend demanded that he return the money, but Coleman refused.

On May 6, 2008, a Roxbury man filed a chapter 13 case after being contacted by Coleman, who learned of a foreclosure in the local paper.   Again, he met the man for the first time in the lobby of the Tip O’Neill building in Boston and collected the $1,000 case.  Again, the filing was deficient.  And in this case was dismissed because required documents were not filed.  Again, the forms were not completed correctly.  Again, the people were not properly advised.

There are many more cases.  There are many more violations.  There are many more victims.

Who is he?

David Coleman is a predator.  He operated Mortgage Finders of New England at 70 Worcester Street in Methuen.  He’s not a lawyer.  He has no formal education.  He has no training with regard to the bankruptcy process or how to properly and fully prepare bankruptcy documents.  Yet despite this, he contacts distressed homeowners, convinces them that he can help them, takes their money (and I’m willing to bet, money they cannot afford to lose), files a bare bones petition and does nothing more.  Since April 2008, when he started this operation, he has collected money and prepared bankruptcy documents for over thirty people.

He advertises in the Verizon Yellow Pages and by distributing cards and flyers.  He makes calls to people, using “411″ to get a homeowner’s name after getting personal information from a foreclosure notice or other public record.  He tells his victims to meet him in at the Bankruptcy Court in Worcester or Boston.  He downloads forms on line, completes them in his own handwriting, and files them.  He doesn’t tell his victims that he is not an attorney and that he may not give legal advice.  He does not disclose to the court that he is a petition preparer.  He does not even give copies of the documents he files to his victims.  And then he does nothing more – ultimately letting their cases fail because other necessary documents are never filed.

He holds himself out as a bankruptcy expert.  Folks, David Coleman is no expert.

And it gets worse.

In July 2008, US Bankruptcy Judge Hillman issued an injunction requiring that Coleman comply with the Code and properly disclose on cases that he is a petition preparer as defined by Section 110 and his fees.  Even with this order, Coleman continued this unlawful and illegal scam.  He continued to file documents without disclosing who he was and what he was doing.  He continued to rip people off.  He continued to hurt people.

In an order dated February 18, 2009, the US Bankruptcy Court issued an order finding that Coleman had violated Section 110(b)(1) of the Code.  He was fined a total of $34,500 for violation of the code, and among other things was ordered to disgorge (return) the fees he unlawfully received.

It was also found that he was engaging in the illegal practice of law, and therefore, he has been barred as “(1) acting as a bankruptcy petitioner; (2) soliciting, assisting, advising, providing legal guidance, advice, assistant or consultation of any king to any person in connection with the filing or prosecution of any bankruptcy case or any document in any bankruptcy case, whether for a fee or for free” in Massachusetts.  The order includes not only Coleman but also includes “any person or entity acting in concert with him.”

When it comes to helping people keep their homes out of foreclosure, Coleman serves no legitimate purpose.  He preys on people who are probably feeling as if they are at the lowest point in their lives.  What people facing foreclosure need is sound counsel given by people who are trained in and who study the law and know what they are doing.  That’s not Coleman, and it never was.  He’s only taking money and selling false hope.  He’s the lowest of the low.

If you’re facing foreclosure, talk to an attorney.  Don’t be scammed by Coleman, or anyone else.

Read the Court decision here:  US v. Coleman, 08-04132 (2/18/2009).

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Sometimes Lawyers Need a Good Laugh

As the economy continues its descent, bankruptcy attorneys are forced to respond to increasingly difficult legal and factual issues.   Chapter 13 case law is evolving…and at times, I feel like it’s a moving target.  What Congress said they were going to do last week, is not (as we have learned) not what they may do this week.  With all that’s going on, it can be tough to find time to do the simple things: like laugh.  So I was pleased as punch to come across Bankruptcy Bill.

Fortunately, Bankruptcy Bill is not another piece of legislation I need to mire through, but rather is a cartoon character  created by Gideon Kendall and Steven Horowitz.  But the website has not only Bill and his hilarious adventures through the world of bankruptcy, but also Haiku specifically tailored to the issues we bankruptcy attorneys have to face – very often.  Here’s a sample:

Commencement of case

Served all creditors but

Surely I missed one.

How many of my colleagues have awoken in a cold sweat in the middle of the night uttering those words? How many of my colleagues have had that concern at least once?  I’m willing to bet all.

Steven tells me that he would like to write more about the issues consumer practioners face…so if you have any ideas, I encourage you to share them with him.  And please put Bankruptcy Bill in your favorites and tell your colleagues (you will also find Bankruptcy Bill on Facebook and Linked In).  There are few sites that have content specifically designed to tickle the funny bone of bankruptcy attorneys.  And during these interesting times, a tickle now and then may be just the thing we need.

[Thanks to Bankruptcy Bill for posting the McLeod Law Blog's RSS Feed.]

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Knowledge is Power, Sort of

I find that many people who are thinking about it will want to investigate some facts about bankruptcy, and get some information about the process before they pick up the phone and speak with me.  And certainly, there’s much information and content on this website – and it’s here for just that reason.  But every lay person needs to maintain some perspective when researching, reviewing and digesting information about bankruptcy and the bankruptcy process.  Today, I had a conversation with a client that reminded me to remind you to keep that perspective.

The most important thing to remember is that research should not replace speaking with counsel and getting a full and fair opinion.  Nothing on this site is designed to be legal advice.  As a matter of fact, you’re unlikely to find anything that amounts to legal advice on the internet.

What you will find is information.  But sometimes, that information can lead to overload – and overload and can lead to confusion.  And today I encountered confusion.

I spoke with a client on the phone who “had done a lot of research” about bankruptcy.  He knew and understood terms like the “Means Test” and “Discharge.”  But he did not quite understand how the Means Test worked – or that the Means Test applied in not just Chapter 7, but that a different version of the form (with entirely different consequences) applied in Chapter 13.

He asked what most might think is a rather straightforward question: “In a Chapter 13, how will they determine how much I can afford to pay back?”  The problem with this seemingly straightforward question is that there is no straightforward answer.  There are many variables, including whether you are over the state’s median income, whether you have payments on secured debt and the status of the case law at the time (and because it is ever-evolving, I tend to view the case law as a moving target).  The other problem is that I cannot answer the question in a phone call or a short initial consult meeting.  It requires information, documents, and an assessment of all of the factors at the time of the filing.

The client is already frustrated, and I can understand why.  Struggling to make ends meet, the client is trying to determine what more will be expected of him and his family in the bankruptcy process.  Yet, there is no easy answer I (or for that matter anyone else) can provide.  At least not an honest one.  The fact I could not provide a quick answer only fed that frustration.

I would not think of going to WedMD to learn how to perform a medical procedure on myself.  I don’t call my dentist to explain why my mouth hurts (which is a good thing, because as I recently learned, it wasn’t what I thought it was).  So with that said, please know  I do not recommend using this site, or any others as a substitute for sitting down with a bankruptcy attorney and giving them all of the information they require.  Then, armed with the facts and sound legal counsel, you can then make the best decision to protect your family from the oppressive debt you find yourself struggling with.  After all, that is why you’re calling me.  And that is why you’re researching bankruptcy information on the internet.

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